Lihat sumber bagi Natrium bikarbonat

{{Chembox|Watchedfields=changed|verifiedrevid=476996774|ImageFile2=Sodium bicarbonate.jpg|ImageName2=Sampel natrium bikarbonat|ImageFile=SodiumBicarbonate.svg|ImageSize=121|ImageFileL1=Sodium-3D.png|ImageNameL1=Model kation natrium|ImageFileR1=Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png|ImageNameR1=Model anion nitrat|IUPACName=Natrium hidrogen karbonat</br>''Sodium hydrogen carbonate''|OtherNames=Soda penaik|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
 | IUPHAR_ligand = 4507
 | CASNo = 144-55-8
 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
 | PubChem = 516892
 | ChemSpiderID = 8609
 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
 | UNII = 8MDF5V39QO
 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
 | EINECS = 205-633-8
 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
 | DrugBank = DB01390
 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
 | KEGG = C12603
 | MeSHName = Sodium+bicarbonate
 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
 | ChEBI = 32139
 | ChEMBL = 1353
 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
 | RTECS = VZ0950000
 | Beilstein = 4153970
 | SMILES = [Na+].OC([O-])=O
 | StdInChI = 1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
 | InChI = 1/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
 | StdInChIKey = UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
 | InChIKey = UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-REWHXWOFAQ
 }}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
 | Formula = {{chem|Na|HCO|3}}
 | MolarMass = 84.0066 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
 | Appearance = Hablur putih
 | Odor = Tidak berbau
 | Density = {{unbulleted list
  | 2.20 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=crc>Haynes, p. 4.90</ref>
  }}
| BoilingPtC = <!-- 851, conflicting sources, corresponds to MeltingPtC of sodium carbonate. See talk page September 2013. -->
| MeltingPtC = 
| MeltingPt_notes = (Terurai menjadi [[natrium karbonat]] dari suhu 50&nbsp;°C<ref name="crc"/><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s10973-006-8182-1|title=Thermal behaviour of diclofenac, diclofenac sodium and sodium bicarbonate compositions|journal=Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry|volume=90|issue=3|pages=903|year=2007|last1=Pasquali|first1=Irene|last2=Bettini|first2=R.|last3=Giordano|first3=F.}}</ref>)
| Solubility = {{unbulleted list
 | 69 g/L (0&nbsp;°C)<ref name=crc3>Haynes, p. 5.194</ref><ref name=UNEP>{{cite web|publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]|url=http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/oecdsids/Sodium%20bicarbonate.pdf|title=Sodium Bicarbonate|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516015331/http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/oecdsids/Sodium%20bicarbonate.pdf|archivedate=2011-05-16|df=}}</ref>
 | 96 g/L (20&nbsp;°C)<ref name=crc3/><ref name=UNEP/>
 | 165 g/L (60&nbsp;°C)<ref name=crc3/><ref name=UNEP/>
 }}
| SolubleOther = 0.02 wt% aseton, 2.13 wt% metanol pada 22&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Solubilities of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate in Acetone-Water and Methanol-Water Mixtures | journal = J. Chem. Eng. Data | year = 1966 | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 323–324 | doi = 10.1021/je60030a009| last1 = Ellingboe | first1 = J. L. | last2 = Runnels | first2 = J. H. }}</ref> tidak larut dalam [[etanol]]
| LogP = −0.82
| pKa = {{unbulleted list
 | 10.329<ref name=crc4>Haynes, p. 7.23</ref>
 | 6.351 (asid karbonik)<ref name=crc4/>
 }}
| RefractIndex = nα = 1.377 nβ = 1.501 nγ = 1.583
 }}|Section3={{Chembox Structure
 | CrystalStruct = [[Monoklin]]
 }}|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology
 | ATCCode_prefix = B05
 | ATCCode_suffix = CB04
 | ATC_Supplemental = {{ATC|B05|XA02}}, {{ATCvet|G04|BQ01}}
 | AdminRoutes = IV, oral
 }}|Section5={{Chembox Thermochemistry
 | DeltaHf = −950.8 kJ/mol<ref name=crc2>Haynes, p. 5.19</ref>
 | DeltaGf = −851.0 kJ/mol<ref name=crc2/>
 | Entropy =  101.7 J/mol K<ref name=crc2/>
 | HeatCapacity = 87.6 J/mol K<ref name=crc2/>
 }}|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
 | ExternalSDS = [http://siri.org/msds/f2/bdm/bdmjw.html External MSDS]
 | MainHazards = Menyebabkan kegatalan mata teruk
 | NFPA-H = 0
 | NFPA-F = 0
 | NFPA-R = 1
 | LD50 = 4220 mg/kg (tikus, oral)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/144-55-8|title=ChemIDplus – 144-55-8 – UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M – Sodium bicarbonate [USP:JAN] – Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information|author=Chambers, Michael |publisher=chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
 | FlashPt = Incombustible
 }}|Section8={{Chembox Related
 | OtherAnions = [[Natrium karbonat]]
 | OtherCations = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Ammonium bikarbonat]]
  | [[Kalium bikarbonat]]
  }}
 | OtherCompounds = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Natrium bisulfat]]
  | [[Natrium hidrogen fosfat]]
  }}
 }}}}

'''Natrium bikarbonat''' atau '''soda penaik''' ialah sebatian kimia [[natrium]] dengan formula kimia NaHCO<sub>3</sub>.

== Penghasilan ==

Natrium bikarbonat dihasilkan dalam industri daripada [[natrium karbonat]].<ref name="Ullmann">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Sodium Carbonates|author=Christian Thieme|encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|year=2000|doi=10.1002/14356007.a24_299}}</ref>

<ce>Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O -> 2 NaHCO3</ce>

Natrium bikarbonat merupakan sebatian perantaraan dalam [[proses Solvay]] yang menghasilkan natrium karbonat, di mana natrium bikarbonat dihasilkan melalui tindak balas [[ammonia]], [[natrium klorida]] dan [[karbon dioksida]] serta air.

<ce>NaCl + CO2 + NH3 + H2O -> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl</ce>

Sebatian ini boleh juga dihasilkan melalui tindak balas antara [[karbon dioksida]] dan larutan akueus [[natrium hidroksida]], tetapi tidak praktikal.

<ce>CO2 + NaOH -> NaHCO3</ce>

== Tindak balas ==

Natrium bikarbonat merupakan sebatian amfoterik. Larutan akueus natrium bikarbonat adalah sedikit beralkali kerana berlaku pengionan yang menghasilkan [[asid karbonik]] dan ion [[hidroksida]]. 

<ce>HCO3^- + H2O -> H2CO3 + OH^-</ce>

== Kegunaan ==

Natrium bikarbonat biasanya digunakan dalam masakan sebagai [[agen penaik]]. Sebatian tersebut digunakan dalam [[tepung penaik]], di mana kira-kira 30% bikarbonat dicampur dengan pelbagai jenis asid dan diaktifkan dengan air tanpa memerlukan sebarang asid tambahan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/food/6D.pdf|title=THE CHEMISTRY OF BAKING|website=|publisher=New Zealand Institute of Chemistry|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127151812/http://nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/food/6D.pdf|archive-date=2016-11-27|dead-url=yes|access-date=2017-01-22|author=Czernohorsky,  J. H. and Hooker, R.|df=}}</ref>

Sebatian ini boleh diguna pakai sebagai pengawal pertumbuhan kulat.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_073508.htm Potassium bicarbonate (073508) and Sodium bicarbonate (073505) Fact Sheet]. ''United States Environmental Protection Agency''. Updated 17 February 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.</ref>

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pautan luar ==

* {{Commonscat-inline}}

{{Sebatian natrium}}
{{Sebatian hidrogen}}
{{Karbonat}}
{{Antasid}}{{Kawalan kewibawaan}}

[[Kategori:Sebatian natrium]]
[[Kategori:Bikarbonat]]
[[Kategori:Antasid]]
[[Kategori:Agen penaik]]