Lihat sumber bagi Toluena

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 415867864578
| Name = 
| ImageFile = 
| ImageFileL1 = Toluol.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 80px
| ImageFileR1 = Toluene-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
| PIN = Toluena<br/>''Toluene''<ref name=iupac2013>{{cite book | title =  Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) | publisher = [[Royal Society of Chemistry|The Royal Society of Chemistry]] | date = 2014 | location = Cambridge | page = 139 | doi = 10.1039/9781849733069-FP001 | isbn = 978-0-85404-182-4 | quote = Toluene and xylene are preferred IUPAC names, but are not freely substitutable; toluene is substitutable under certain conditions, but only for general nomenclature (see P-15.1.8 for a general substitution rules for retained names).| chapter = Front Matter }}</ref>
| SystematicName = Metil benzena
| OtherNames = Fenil metana<br />Toluol<br />Anisen
| IUPACName = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations = PhMe<br />MePh<br />BnH
| IUPHAR_ligand = 5481
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB01900
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 17578
| SMILES = Cc1ccccc1
| PubChem = 1140
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 3FPU23BG52
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 9113
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C01455
| InChI = 1/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3
| InChIKey = YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYAT
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 108-88-3
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 1108
| RTECS = XS5250000
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=7 | H=8
| Appearance = Cecair tidak berwarna<ref name=GESTIS>{{GESTIS|ZVG=10070}}</ref>
| Odor = Manis, seperti [[benzena]]<ref name=PGCH/>
| Density = 0.87 g/mL (20 °C)<ref name=GESTIS/>
| Solubility = 0.52 g/L (20 °C)<ref name=GESTIS/>
| MeltingPtC = -95
| MeltingPt_ref = <ref name=GESTIS/>
| BoilingPtC = 111
| BoilingPt_ref = <ref name=GESTIS/>
| Viscosity = 0.590 [[Poise (unit)|cP]] (20 °C)
<!-- UNK PARAMETER (Aug 2017) | Speed of sound = 1,328 [[Metre per second|m/s]] (20 °C) -->
| RefractIndex = 1.497 (20 °C)
| VaporPressure = 2.8 kPa (20°C)<ref name=PGCH/>
| MagSus = -66.11·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
| LogP = 2.68<ref name="chemsrc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chemsrc.com/en/cas/108-88-3_832581.html|title=toluene_msds }}</ref>
 }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Dipole = 0.36 [[Debye|D]]
 }}
| Section4 = 
| Section5 = 
| Section6 = 
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/t3913.htm SIRI.org]
| MainHazards = Amat mudah terbakar
| NFPA-H = 2 
| NFPA-F = 3 
| NFPA-R = 0
| FlashPtC = 6
| FlashPt_ref = <ref name=GESTIS/>
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}}{{GHS health hazard}}{{GHS exclamation mark}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|361d|304|373|315|336}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|240|301+310|302+352|308+313|314|403+233}}
| TLV = 50 mL m<sup>−3</sup>, 190 mg m<sup>−3</sup>
| IDLH = 500 ppm<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0619}}</ref>
| REL = TWA 100 ppm (375 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) ST 150 ppm (560 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
| PEL = TWA 200 ppm C 300 ppm 500 ppm (10-minute maximum peak)<ref name=PGCH/> 
| ExploLimits = 1.1%-7.1%<ref name=PGCH/>
| LC50 = >26700 ppm (tikus, 1 jam)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|108883|Toluene}}</ref>
| LCLo = 55,000 ppm (arnab, 40 min)<ref name=IDLH/>
 }}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newenv.com/resources/nfpa_chemicals|title=New Environment Inc. - NFPA Chemicals|author=New Environment, Inc|publisher=}}</ref>
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = [[Hidrokarbon aromatik]]
| OtherFunction = [[benzena]]<br />[[xilena]]<br />[[naftalena]]
| OtherCompounds = [[metilsikloheksana]]
 }}
}}

'''Toluena''' atau '''toluol''' merupakan sebuah hidrokarbon aromatik yang tidak berwarna, tidak larut dalam air dan memiliki bau yang boleh dikaitkan dengan pelarut cat. Toluena digunakan dalam industri sebagai [[bahan mentah]] dan [[pelarut]].

Toluena kadangkala digunakan sebagai [[inhalan]] secara rekreasi dan boleh menyebabkan bahaya terhadap sistem saraf.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McKeown|first=Nathanael J|date=Feb 1, 2015|editor-last=Tarabar|editor-first=Asim|title=Toluene Toxicity , Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/818939-overview|publisher=WebMD Health Professional Network}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Devathasan |first1=G. |last2=Low |first2=D. |last3=Teoh |first3=P. C. |last4=Wan |first4=S. H. |last5=Wong |first5=P. K. |title=Complications of chronic glue (toluene) abuse in adolescents |journal=Aust N Z J Med |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=39–43 |year=1984 |pmid=6087782 |doi=10.1111/j.1445-5994.1984.tb03583.x}}</ref>

== Kegunaan ==
Toluena merupakan pelopor kepada pelbagai jenis sebatian yang digunakan dalam pelbagai barang seperti [[bahan letupan]] dan [[benzena]].

Sebatian toluena biasanya digunakan untuk menghasilkan sebatian benzena seperti dalam tindak balas berikut:

<chem>C6H5CH3 + H2 -> C6H6 + CH4</chem>

Toluena merupakan sebatian pelopor bagi sebatian bahan letupan umum, [[trinitrotoluena]] (TNT), di mana toluena dinitratkan beberapa kali untuk mendapatkan sebatian TNT. Toluena juga disintesis untuk mendapatkan [[dinitrotoluena]] yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan [[toluena diisosianat]], sebatian pelopor [[poliuretana]].

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pautan luar ==
* {{Commonscat-inline}}

{{Tunas-kimia}}

{{Hidrokarbon}}
{{Halusinogen}}
{{Pemodulat positif reseptor GABAA}}
{{Pemodulat reseptor glisina}}
{{Pemodulat reseptor glutamat ionotropik}}
{{Kawalan kewibawaan}}

[[Kategori:Alkilbenzena]]
[[Kategori:Pelarut]]
[[Kategori:Petrokimia]]
[[Kategori:Inhalan]]