Lihat sumber bagi Septuaginta

{{Infobox manuscript|name=Septuaginta|location=<!----------Image---------->|image=Codex Vaticanus (1 Esdras 1-55 to 2-5) (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible).jpg|width=|caption=Fragmen Septuaginta: Satu lajur daripada kitab [[1 Esdras]] dalam ''[[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|Codex Vaticanus]]'' {{circa|325–350 CE|lk=no }}, asas edisi Yunani Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton dan terjemahan Inggeris oleh Brenton<!----------General---------->|Also known as={{hlist|LXX|[[Perjanjian Lama]] Yunani}}|Type=|Date={{circa|abad ke-3 SM|lk=no}}|Place of origin=|Language(s)=[[Yunani Koine]]|Scribe(s)=|Author(s)=|Compiled by=|Illuminated by=|Patron=|Dedicated to=<!----------Form and content---------->|Material=|Size=|Format=|Condition=|Script=|Contents=|Illumination(s)=|Additions=|Exemplar(s)=|Previously kept=|Discovered=|Accession=|Other=|below=}}
{{BibleRelated|TM}}

'''Terjemahan Tujuh Puluh''' ({{Lang-grc|Ἡ μετάφρασις τῶν Ἑβδομήκοντα|Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta}}<ref name="Jobes2001">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OysSAQAAIAAJ|title=Invitation to the Septuagint|last=[[Karen Jobes]] dan [[Moisés Silva]]|publisher=[[Paternoster Press]]|year=2001|isbn=978-1842270615}}</ref> dilatinkan sebagai ''Vetus Testamentum ex versione Septuaginta Interpretum''<ref name="OUP1875">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/vetustestamentum01oxon/page/n5/mode/2up|title=Vetus Testamentum ex versione Septuaginta Interpretum|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1875|edition=ke-2|volume=1|location=Oxford|language=Yunani}}</ref> atau ringkasnya '''''Septuaginta''''' "Sang Tujuh Puluh"<ref>"septuāginta". K. Prent, J. Adisubrata, W. J. S. Poerwadarminta (1969). ''Kamus Latin-Indonesia''. Jogjakarta: Penerbitan Jajasan Kanisius. m/s. 784. "...tudjuhpuluh."</ref>) –kadangkala dipanggil '''Perjanjian Lama Yunani''' atau sering disingkatkan sebagai [[angka Rumi]] '''LXX''',<ref name="goarch">{{Cite web|url=https://www.septuagint.bible/home|title=About Septuagint.Bible|last=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|authorlink=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|year=2022|website=The Septuagint: LXX - The Greek Translation of the Hebrew Scriptures|publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|location=New York|access-date=25 December 2022}}</ref> <math> \mathfrak{G} </math> atau ''G''<ref name="BHS">''[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]]'', contohnya.</ref>– ialah terjemahan  [[bahasa Yunani]] terawal teks [[Alkitab Ibrani|Alkitab]] [[Bahasa Ibrani Alkitabiah|Ibrani]] yang masih wujud.<ref name="Stefon2011">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMBhDVwY_HcC&pg=PA45|title=Judaism: History, Belief, and Practice|last=Stefon|first=Matt|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc|year=2011|isbn=978-1615304875|page=45}}</ref><ref name="Britannica">{{Petik ensiklopedia|title=Septuagint|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=3 November 2022|last=Petruzzello|first=Melissa|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|location=Chicago, Illinois|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Septuagint|accessdate=25 December 2022}}</ref> 

Penerjemahan ini dilakukan sebagai keperluan [[orang Yahudi|masyarakat Yahudi]] semasa zaman Bait Kedua yang banyak tidak dapat bertutur apatah lagi boleh membaca [[bahasa Ibrani]] bahkan [[bahasa Yunani Koine]]<ref name="Stefon2011">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMBhDVwY_HcC&pg=PA45|title=Judaism: History, Belief, and Practice|last=Stefon|first=Matt|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc|year=2011|isbn=978-1615304875|page=45}}</ref><ref name="Collins">{{cite Collins Dictionary|Koine|access-date=2014-09-24}} </ref><ref name="Dictionary">{{Dictionary.com|Koine}}</ref><ref name="MW">{{cite Merriam-Webster|Koine}}</ref> dan Aramia ialah [[Lingua franca|bahasa perantara]]  pada zaman itu.<ref name="Ross2021">{{Cite web|url=https://textandcanon.org/the-most-important-bible-translation-youve-never-heard-of/|title=The Most Important Bible Translation You've Never Heard Of|last=Ross|first=William A.|date=15 November 2021|website=Articles|publisher=Text & Canon Institute of the [[Phoenix Seminary]]|location=Scottsdale, Arizona|access-date=25 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="Toy1906">{{Petik ensiklopedia|title=Bible Translations: The Septuagint|encyclopedia=[[The Jewish Encyclopedia]]|year=1906|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls|location=New York|url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13432-septuagint#anchor3|accessdate=25 Disember 2022|date=}}</ref>

Sarjana Alkitab bersetuju bahawa peneterjemahan [[Taurat (Tanakh)|lima kitab pertama Alkitab Ibrani]] ke dalam [[bahasa Yunani Koine]] oleh orang Yahudi yang tinggal di [[Kerajaan Ptolemy|Kerajaan Ptolemaios]] mungkin pada awal atau pertengahan abad ketiga SM;<ref name="Ross2021">{{Cite web|url=https://textandcanon.org/the-most-important-bible-translation-youve-never-heard-of/|title=The Most Important Bible Translation You've Never Heard Of|last=Ross|first=William A.|date=15 November 2021|website=Articles|publisher=Text & Canon Institute of the [[Phoenix Seminary]]|location=Scottsdale, Arizona|access-date=25 December 2022}}</ref> kitab-kitab selebihnya mungkin telah diterjemahkan pada abad ke-2 SM.<ref name="Britannica"/><ref name="Beckwith2008">{{Cite book|title=The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church: and its Background in Early Judaism|last=Beckwith|first=Roger T.|publisher=Wipf and Stock|year=2008|isbn=978-1606082492|location=Eugene, Oregon|pages=382, 383}}</ref><ref name="Tov1988">{{Cite book|title=Mikra: text, translation, reading, and interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in ancient Judaism and early Christianity|last=Tov|first=Emanuel|publisher=Fortress Press|year=1988|isbn=0800606043|editor-last=Mulder|editor-first=Martin Jan|location=Philadelphia|pages=161–2|chapter=The Septuagint|author-link=Emanuel Tov|editor-last2=Sysling|editor-first2=Harry|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6eZ5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA161}}</ref> Beberapa terjemahan Alkitab ke dalam [[bahasa Aramia]] juga dibuat semasa zaman Bait Kedua.<ref name="Sulman2020">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nu9DwAAQBAJ&q=%22the%20entire%20old%20testament%20into%20aramaic%20in%20the%20year%2042%22|title=Septuagint, Targum and Beyond: Comparing Aramaic and Greek Versions from Jewish Antiquity|last=van Staalduine-Sulman|first=Eveline|publisher=Brill Publishers|year=2020|isbn=978-9004416727|editor-last=Shepherd|editor-first=David James|series=Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism|volume=193|location=Leiden, Netherlands|page=327|chapter=Simeon the Just, the Septuagint and Targum Jonathan|editor-last2=Joosten|editor-first2=Jan|editor-link2=Jan Joosten (biblical scholar)|editor-last3=van der Meer|editor-first3=Michaël}}</ref>

== Nama ==
Tajuk penuhnya dalam bahasa Yunani berasal daripada kisah yang dicatatkan dalam Surat Aristeas kepada Philokrates bahawa "hukum-hakam orang Yahudi" telah diterjemahkan ke dalam [[Bahasa Yunani Koine|bahasa Yunani]] atas permintaan [[Ptolemaios si Pesumbang]] (285–247 SM) oleh tujuh puluh dua penterjemah Ibrani—enam daripada setiap [[Dua Belas Suku Israel]].<ref name="Aristeas">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/letteraristeas00englgoog/page/n14/mode/2up|title=The Letter Of Aristeas, translated into English|last=Aristeas of Marmora|publisher=Macmillan and Company, Limited|year=1904|location=London|pages=7–15|translator-last=St. John Thackeray|translator-first=Henry|author-link=Aristeas of Marmora|translator-link=Henry St. John Thackeray}}</ref><ref name="Megillah">[[Megillah (Talmud)|Tractate Megillah 9]] [https://www.sefaria.org/Megillah.9a.11 (9a)]</ref><ref name="Soferim">[[Soferim (Talmud)|Tractate Soferim 1]] [https://www.sefaria.org/Tractate_Soferim.1.7-8 (1:7-8)]</ref> Tidak sehingga zaman [[Agustinus dari Hippo]] (354–430&nbsp;SM) barulah terjemahan Yunani kitab-kitab suci Yahudi mula dipanggil dengan nama Latin ''Septuaginta''.<ref name="Sundberg">Sundberg, in McDonald & Sanders, eds., ''The Canon Debate'', m/s 72.</ref> 

== Rujukan ==
<references responsive="1"></references>
{{Reflist}}

== Bacaan lanjut ==
 {{refbegin|30em}}
* Siegfried Kreuzer, ed. ''Introduction to the Septuagint'' (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press; 2019) 671 pages; general information on the history and transmission of the Septuagint; information on each book of the Septuagint. 
* Eberhard Bons and Jan Joosten, eds. ''Septuagint Vocabulary: Pre-History, Usage, Reception'' (Society of Biblical Literature; 2011) 211 pages; studies of the language used
* Bart D. Ehrman. ''The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings''; 608 pages, Oxford University Press (July, 2011); {{ISBN|978-0199757534}}
* W. Emery Barnes, [https://archive.org/stream/journaltheologi00unkngoog#page/n208/mode/2up ''On the Influence of Septuagint on the Peshitta''], JTS 1901, pp.&nbsp;186–197.
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LUmGZ0NiweAC&pg=PR5|title=Septuagint as Christian Scripture|last1=Hengel|first1=Martin|publisher=A&C Black|year=2004|isbn=978-0567082879|page=5}}
* {{Cite book|title=Aramaic in its Historical and Linguistic Setting|last=Joosten|first=Jan|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2008|isbn=978-3447057875|location=Wiesbaden|pages=93–105|chapter=The Septuagint as a Source of Information on Egyptian Aramaic in the Hellenistic Period|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfVZnCV6ABcC}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Joosten|first=Jan|year=2010|title=The Aramaic Background of the Seventy: Language, Culture and History|url=https://www.academia.edu/33401126|journal=Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies|volume=43|pages=53–72}}
* Andreas Juckel, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110525185517/http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol8No2/HV8N2Juckel.html ''Septuaginta and Peshitta Jacob of Edessa quoting the Old Testament in Ms BL Add 17134''] JOURNAL OF SYRIAC STUDIES
* Kreuzer, Siegfried, ''The Bible in Greek. Translation, Transmission, and Theology of the Septuagint'', Septuagint and Cognate Studies 63, Atlanta: SBL Press 2015.
* Timothy Michael Law, ''When God Spoke Greek'', Oxford University Press, 2013.<span class="plainlinks"></span>
* Hyam Maccoby. ''The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity''; 238 pages, Barnes & Noble Books (1998); {{ISBN|978-0760707876}}
* Makrakis, Apostolos, ''Proofs of the Authenticity of the Septuagint'', trans. by D. Cummings, Chicago, Ill.: Hellenic Christian Educational Society, 1947. ''N.B''.: Published and printed with its own pagination, whether as issued separately or as included together with 2 other works of A. Makrakis in a single volume published by the same film in 1950, wherein the translator's name is identified on the common t.p. to that volume.
* {{Cite book|title=Septuagint, Targum and Beyond: Comparing Aramaic and Greek Versions from Jewish Antiquity|last=Meer|first=Michaël N. van der|publisher=Brill|year=2020|isbn=978-9004416727|location=Leiden-Boston|pages=58–100|chapter=The Greek and Aramaic Versions of Joshua 3–4|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nu9DwAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Messo|first=Johny|author-link=Johny Messo|year=2011|title=The Origin of the Terms Syria(n) and Suryoyo: Once Again|url=https://www.academia.edu/35435499|journal=Parole de l'Orient|volume=36|pages=111–125}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Mihăilă|first=Alexandru|year=2018|title=The Septuagint and the Masoretic Text in the Orthodox Church(es)|url=https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/ress.2018.10.issue-1/ress-2018-0003/ress-2018-0003.pdf|journal=Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu|volume=10|pages=30–60|doi=10.2478/ress-2018-0003|doi-access=free|s2cid=171863532}}
* [[Alfred Rahlfs]], [https://archive.org/stream/mitteilungendess00akaduoft#page/n9/mode/2up ''Verzeichnis der griechischen Handschriften des Alten Testaments, für das Septuaginta-Unternehmen''], Göttingen 1914.
* Rajak, Tessa, ''Translation and survival: the Greek Bible of the ancient Jewish Diaspora'' (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
* {{Cite book|title=Septuagint, Targum and Beyond: Comparing Aramaic and Greek Versions from Jewish Antiquity|last=Sanders|first=Paul|publisher=Brill|year=2020|isbn=978-9004416727|location=Leiden-Boston|pages=129–140|chapter=No Death without Sin on the New Earth: Isaiah 65:20 in Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nu9DwAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite book|title=Septuagint, Targum and Beyond: Comparing Aramaic and Greek Versions from Jewish Antiquity|last=Shepherd|first=David J.|publisher=Brill|year=2020|isbn=978-9004416727|location=Leiden-Boston|pages=228–248|chapter=See God and Die? Job's Final Words (42:6) according to His First Aramaic and Greek Interpreters|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nu9DwAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite book|title=Isaiah in Context|last=Tov|first=Emanuel|publisher=Brill|year=2010|isbn=978-9004191181|location=Leiden-Boston|pages=413–428|chapter=Personal Names in the Septuagint of Isaiah|author-link=Emanuel Tov|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=duB5DwAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite book|title=The World of the Aramaeans|last=Wevers|first=John W.|publisher=Sheffield Academic Press|year=2001|isbn=978-1841271583|volume=1|location=Sheffield|pages=237–251|chapter=Aram and Aramaean in the Septuagint|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7WatAwAAQBAJ}}
{{refend}}

== Pautan luar ==
'''Umum'''

* [http://www.kalvesmaki.com/LXX ''The Septuagint Online''] – Tapak komprehensif dengan perbincangan ilmiah dan pautan kepada teks dan terjemahan
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131021022511/http://twu.ca/sites/septuagint/ ''Institut Septuaginta'']

'''Teks dan terjemahan'''

* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/TetraplaTheBibleInEnglishLatinGreekHebrew/page/n0|title=The Tetrapla: interlinear Bible in four languages, for advanced researchers|work=[[Internet Archive|archive.org]]|pages=5519|language=he, el, lt, en|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181012195218/https://archive.org/stream/TetraplaTheBibleInEnglishLatinGreekHebrew/Tetrapla_%20The%20Bible%20in%20English_Latin_Greek_Hebrew_djvu.txt|archive-date=October 12, 2018}}
* [http://www.kalvesmaki.com/LXX/texts.htm Septuagint/Old Greek Texts and Translations] LXX finder, listing dozens of editions, both print and digital, in various languages and formats. A good place to start.
* [http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/septuagint/default.asp Elpenor's Bilingual (Greek/English) Septuagint Old Testament] Greek text (full polytonic unicode version) and English translation side by side. Greek text as used by the Orthodox Churches.
* [http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/grie/sept/sept.htm Titus Text Collection: Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes] (advanced research tool)
* [http://www.apostoliki-diakonia.gr/bible/bible.asp?contents=old_testament/contents.asp&main=OldTes Septuagint published by the Church of Greece]
* [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/gopher/text/religion/biblical/lxxmorph/ Plain text of the whole LXX]
* [http://www.katapi.org.uk Bible Resource Pages] – contains Septuagint texts (with diacritics) side-by-side with English translations
* [http://www.users.dircon.co.uk/~hancock/sept.zip The Septuagint in Greek] as a [[Microsoft Word]] document. Introduction and book abbreviations in Latin. Non-free [http://www.users.dircon.co.uk/~hancock/antioch.htm Antioch (Vusillus Old Face, Vusillus)] TrueType font file required.
* [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/nets/edition/ The New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS), electronic edition]
* [https://archive.today/20121218210540/http://www.orthodox-church.info/eob/EOB: Eastern/Greek Orthodox Bible: includes comprehensive introductory materials dealing with Septuagintal issues and an Old Testament which is an extensive revision of the Brenton with footnotes.]
* [http://www.peterpapoutsis.com/The Holy Orthodox Bible translated by Peter A. Papoutsis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620204029/http://www.peterpapoutsis.com/|date=20 June 2008}} from the Septuagint (LXX) and the Official Greek New Testament text of the Ecumenical Patriarch.
* [http://www.ebible.org/eng-lxx2012/index.htm LXX2012: Septuagint in American English 2012] – The Septuagint with Apocrypha, translated from Greek to English by Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton and published in 1885, with some language updates by Michael Paul Johnson in 2012 (American English)
{{Senarai Kitab (Alkitab)}}
[[Kategori:Septuaginta]]